I just listened to an interview with a Professor Daryl Higgins from the Australian Catholic University who has researched the effect of being hit as a child as a form of behavioral control. He discovered that not only are 6 out of 10 people hit as children but that the effect of such treatment leads to an increase of the occurrence of both anxiety and depression.
The article below briefly outlines the research and effects.
https://www.acu.edu.au/about-acu/news/2022/june/three-in-five-suffer-corporal-punishment
Emerging From The Dark Night 